ref: e72da62915b09d5673b0c0179ba8dfe045aeb8c3
dir: /sys/man/8/fs/
.TH FS 8 .SH NAME fs, exsort \- file server maintenance .SH SYNOPSIS .PD 0 .B help [ .I command ... ] .PP .B allow .RI [ uid ] .PP .B arp .I subcommand .PP .B cfs .I filesystem .PP .B check .RI [ options ] .PP .B clean .I file [ .I bno [ .I addr ] ] .PP .B clri .RI [ file ...] .PP .B cpu .RI [ proc ] .PP .B create .I path uid gid perm .RB [ lad ] .PP .B cwcmd .I subcommand .PP .B date .RB [[ +- ] .IR seconds ] .PP .B disallow .PP .B duallow .RI [ uid ] .PP .B dump [ .I filesystem ] .PP .B files .PP .B flag .I flag [ .I channel ] .PP .B fstat [ .I files ] .PP .B halt .PP .B hangup .I channel .PP .B newuser .I name .RI [ options ] .PP .B noattach .PP .B passwd .PP .B printconf .PP .B profile .RB [ 01 ] .PP .B remove .RI [ files ...] .PP .B route .I subcommand .PP .B "sntp kick" .PP .BR stat [ admiesw ] .PP .B stats .RB [[ - ] .IR flags ...] .PP .B sync .PP .B time .I command .PP .B trace .RI [ number ] .PP .B users .RI [ file ] .PP .B version .PP .B who .RI [ user ...] .PP .B wormeject [ .I tunit ] .PP .B wormingest [ .I tunit ] .PP .B wormoffline .I drive .PP .B wormonline .I drive .PP .B wormreset .PD .PP .B disk/exsort .RB [ -w ] .RI [ file ] .SH DESCRIPTION Except for .IR exsort , these commands are available only on the console of an .IR fs (4) file server. .\" .PP .\" The console requires the machine's password to be supplied before .\" accepting commands. Typing a control-D will cause .\" the server to request .\" the password again. .PP .I Help prints a `usage string' for the named .IR commands , by default all commands. Also, many commands print menus of their options if given incorrect or incomplete parameters. .PP .I Allow disables permission checking and allows .BR wstat for the specified .I uid or for any user if omitted. This may help in initializing a file system. Use this with caution. .PP .I Arp has two .IR subcommands : .B print prints the contents of the ARP cache and .B flush flushes it. .PP .I Cfs changes the current file system, that is, the file tree to which commands .RB ( check , .BR clean , .BR clri , .BR create , .BR cwcmd , .BR dump , .BR newuser , .BR profile , .BR remove , and .BR users ) apply. The initial .I filesystem is .BR main . .PP .I Check verifies the consistency of the current file system. With no options it checks and reports the status. It suspends service while running. Options are: .TF touch .PD .TP .B rdall Read every block in the file system (can take a .I long time). Normally, .I check will stop short of the actual contents of a file and just verify the block addresses. .TP .B tag Fix bad .IR tags ; each block has a tag that acts as a backwards pointer for consistency checking. .TP .B ream Fix bad tags and also clear the contents of blocks that have bad tags. .TP .B pfile Print every file name. .TP .B pdir Print every directory name. .TP .B free Rebuild the list of free blocks with all blocks that are not referenced. This option is only useful on non-cache/WORM file systems. If the filesystem was modified, the summary printed at the conclusion of the check may not reflect the true state of the freelist and may also print a list of .I missing blocks. These .I missing blocks are actually on the free list and the true state of the filesystem can be determined by running .I check with no arguments. .TP .B bad Each block address that is out of range or duplicate is cleared. Note that only the second and subsequent use of a block is cleared. Often the problems in a file system are caused by one bad file that has a lot of garbage block addresses. In such a case, it is wiser to use .I check to find the bad file (by number of diagnostic messages) and then use .I clri to clear the addresses in that file. After that, .I check can be used to reclaim the free list. .TP .B touch Cause every directory and indirect block not on the current WORM disk to be advanced to the current WORM on the next dump. This is a discredited idea to try to keep operating on the knee of the cache working set. Buy more cache disk. .TP .B trim reduces the file system's .I fsize to fit the device containing the file system. This is useful after copying a partially-full file system into a slightly smaller device. Running .B "check free" afterward will construct a new free list that contains no blocks outside the new, smaller file system. .TP .B rtmp Removes temporary files after a recovery from worm. After a cache ream and recover, temporary files and directories refer to invalid data blocks producing checktag errors on access. To get rid of these errors, the .I rtmp flag can be used with the .I check command which will truncate temporary directories and remove temporary files. .PP .I Clean prints the block numbers in .IR file 's directory entry (direct, indirect and doubly indirect) and checks the tags of the blocks cited. If .I bno is supplied, the .IR bno 'th block number (using zero origin) is set to .I addr (defaults to zero). Note that only the block numbers in the directory entry itself are examined; .I clean does not recurse through indirect blocks. .PP .I Clri clears the internal directory entry and abandons storage associated with .IR files . It ignores the usual rules for sanity, such as checking against removing a non-empty directory. A subsequent .B check .B free will place the abandoned storage in the free list. .PP .I Cpu prints the CPU utilization and state of the processes in the file server. If the name of a process type argument is given, then CPU utilization for only those processes is printed. .PP .I Create creates a file on the current file system. .I Uid and .I gid are names or numbers from .BR /adm/users . .I Perm is the low 9 bits of the permission mode of the file, in octal. An optional final .BR l , .BR a , or .BR d creates a locked file, append-only file, or directory. .PP .I Cwcmd controls the cached WORM file systems, specifically the current file system. The subcommands are: .TP .BI mvstate " state1 state2 " [ platter ] States are .BR none , .BR dirty , .BR dump , .BR dump1 , .BR error , .BR read , and .BR write . A .B mvstate .B dump1 .B dump will cause I/O errors in the last dump to be retried. A .B mvstate .B dump1 .B write will cause I/O errors in the last dump to be retried in reallocated slots in the next dump. A .B mvstate .B read .B none will flush the cache associated with the WORM. A .B mvstate .B dump .B write aborts the background process dumping to WORM; as a consequence it leaves holes in the dump file system. Other uses are possible but arcane. The optional .I platter limits affected blocks to those on that platter. .TP .BR prchain " [\fIstart\fP] [\fIback-flag\fP] Print the chain of superblocks for the directory containing the roots of the dumped file systems, starting at block number .I start (default 0) going forward (backwards if .I back-flag is supplied and is non-zero). .TP .BR searchtag " [\fIstart\fP] [\fItag\fP] [\fIblocks\fP] Reads the WORM device starting at block .I start and proceeding for .I blocks blocks (default 1000) until it finds a block with numeric tag .IR tag . .TP .BR savecache " [\fIpercent\fP] Copy the block numbers, in native endian longwords, of blocks in the .B read state to the file .BR /adm/cache for use by .BR disk/exsort . If an argument is given, then that percent (most recently used) of each cache bucket is copied. .TP .BR loadcache " [\fIdskno\fP] Read .B /adm/cache and for every block there on WORM disk side .I dskno (zero-origin), read the block from WORM to the cache. If .I dskno is not supplied, all blocks in .B /adm/cache are read. .TP .BR morecache " dskno [\fIcount\fP] Read .I count blocks from the beginning of WORM disk side .I dskno to the cache. If no count is given, read all of side .IR dskno into the cache. .TP .BR startdump \ [ 01 ] Suspend .RB ( 0 ) or restart .RB ( 1 ) the background dump process. .TP .B touchsb Verify that the superblock on the WORM is readable, ignoring the cached copy. .TP .BR blockcmp " [\fIwbno\fP] [\fIcbno\fP] Compares the WORM block .I wbno with the cache block .I cbno and prints the first 10 differences, if any. .TP .B acct Prints how many times each user has caused the system to allocate new space on the WORM; the units are megabytes. .TP .B clearacct Clears the accounting records for .BR acct . .PP .I Date prints the current date. It may be adjusted using .BI +- seconds\f1. With no sign, it sets the date to the absolute number of seconds since 00:00 Jan 1, 1970 GMT; with a sign it trims the current time. .PP .I Disallow restores permission checking back to normal after a file system has been initialized. .PP .I Duallow sets permissions such that the named .I user can read and search any directories. This is the permission necessary to do a .IR du (1) command anywhere in the file system to discover disk usage. .PP .I Dump starts a dump to WORM immediately for the named filesystem, or the current filesystem if none is named. File service is suspended while the cache is scanned; service resumes when the copy to WORM starts. .PP .I Files prints for every connection the number of allocated fids. .PP .I Fstat prints the current status of each named .IR file , including uid, gid, wuid (uid of the last user to modify the file), size, qid, and disk addresses. .PP .I Flag toggles flags, initially all off: .TF authdisablexx .TP .B allchans Print channels in .I who output. .TP .B arp Report ARP activity. .TP .B attach Report as connections are made to the file server. .TP .B authdebug Report authentications. .TP .B authdisable Disable authentication. .TP .B chat (Very noisy.) Print all 9P messages to and from the server. .TP .B error Report 9P errors. .TP .B il Report IL errors. .TP .B route Report received RIP packets. .TP .B ro Report I/O on the WORM device. .TP .B sntp Report SNTP activity. .PD .PP If given a second numeric .I channel argument, as reported by .IR who , the flag is altered only on that connection. .PP .I Halt does a .B sync and halts the machine, returning to the boot ROM. .PP .I Hangup clunks all the fids on the named .IR channel , which has the same format as in the output of the .I who command. .PP .I Newuser requires a .I name argument. With no options it adds user .IR name , with group leader .IR name , to .B /adm/users and makes the directory .BI /usr/ name owned by user and group .IR name . The options are .TF =leaderxx .TP .B ? Print the entry for .IR name . .TP .B : Add a group: add the name to .B /adm/users but don't create the directory. By convention, groups are numbered starting from 10000, users from 0. .TP .I newname Rename existing user .I name to .IR newname . .TP .BI = leader Change the leader of .I name to .IR leader . If .I leader is missing, remove the existing leader. .TP .BI + member Add .I member to the member list of .IR name . .TP .BI - member Remove existing .I member from the member list of .IR name . .PD .PP After a successful .I newuser command the file server overwrites .B /adm/users to reflect the internal state of the user table. .PP .I Noattach disables .IR attach (5) messages, in particular for system maintenance. Previously attached connections are unaffected. Another .I noattach will enable normal behavior. .PP .I Passwd sets the machine's password and writes it in non-volatile RAM. .PP .I Printconf prints the system configuration information. .PP .I Profile .B 1 clears the profiling buffer and enables profiling; .I profile .B 0 stops profiling and writes the data to .B /adm/kprofdata for use by .B kprof (see .IR prof (1)). If a number is not specified, the profiling state toggles. .PP .I Remove removes .IR files . .PP .I Route maintains an IP routing table. The .I subcommands are: .TF "add dest gate mask" .TP .B add \f2dest gate \fP[\f2mask\fP] Add a static route from IP address .I dest using gateway .I gate with an optional subnet .IR mask . .TP .B delete \f2dest\fP Delete an entry from the routing table. .TP .B print Display the contents of the routing table. .TP .B ripon Enables the table to be filled from RIP packets. .TP .B ripoff Disables the table from being updated by RIP packets. .PD .PP .I Sntp .I kick queries the SNTP server (see .IR fsconfig (8)) and sets the time with its response. .PP The .I stat commands are connected with a service or device identified by the last character of the name: .BR d , SCSI targets; .BR e , Ethernet controllers; .BR i , IDE/ATA targets; .BR m , Marvell SATA targets; .BR w , cached WORM. The .I stata command prints overall statistics about the file system. The .I stats command takes an optional argument identifying the characters of .I stat commands to run. The option is remembered and becomes the default for subsequent .I stats commands if it begins with a minus sign. .PP .I Sync writes dirty blocks in memory to the magnetic disk cache. .PP .I Time reports the time required to execute the .IR command . .PP .I Trace with no options prints the set of queue-locks held by each process in the file server. If things are quiescent, there should be no output. With an argument .I number it prints a stack traceback of that process. .PP .I Users uses the contents of .I file (default .BR /adm/users ) to initialize the file server's internal representation of the users structure. Incorrectly formatted entries in .I file will be ignored. If file is explicitly .BR default , the system builds a minimal functional users table internally; this can help recover from disasters. If the .I file cannot be read, you .I must run .IP .EX users default .EE .PP for the system to function. The .B default table looks like this: .IP .EX -1:adm:adm: 0:none:adm: 1:tor:tor: 10000:sys:: 10001:map:map: 10002:doc:: 10003:upas:upas: 10004:font:: 10005:bootes:bootes: .EE .PP .I Version reports when the file server was last compiled and last rebooted. .PP .I Who reports, one per line, the names of users connected to the file server and the status of their connections. The first number printed on each line is the channel number of the connection. If .I users are given the output selects connections owned by those users. .PP .I Wormeject moves the WORM disk in slot .I tunit of the first jukebox to the output shelf. .PP .I Wormingest moves the WORM disk from the input shelf of the first jukebox to slot .IR tunit . .PP .I Wormoffline takes .I drive of the first jukebox out of service; .I wormonline puts it back in service. .PP .I Wormreset put discs back where the jukebox thinks they belong, and does this for all jukeboxes. .PP When the file server boots, it prints the message .IP .EX for config mode hit a key within 5 seconds .EE .PP If a character is typed within 5 seconds of the message appearing, the server will enter config mode. See .IR fsconfig (8) for the commands available in config mode. The system also enters config mode if, at boot time, the non-volatile RAM does not appear to contain a valid configuration. .PP .I Exsort is a regular command to be run on a CPU server, not on the file server console. It reads the named .I file (default .BR /adm/cache ) and sorts the cache disk block numbers contained therein. It assumes the numbers are 4-byte integers and guesses the endianness by looking at the data. It then prints statistics about the cache. With option .B -w it writes the sorted data back to .IR file . .SH SEE ALSO .IR fs (4) .br Ken Thompson, ``The Plan 9 File Server''. .SH SOURCE .B /sys/src/fs .br .B /sys/src/cmd/disk/exsort.c .SH BUGS The .B worm* commands should accept an argument identifying a jukebox.