ref: 12e226ac6798412271020d42645f69138715c519
dir: /utils/format/format.c/
#include <lib9.h> /* * floppy types (all MFM encoding) */ typedef struct Type Type; struct Type { char *name; int bytes; /* bytes/sector */ int sectors; /* sectors/track */ int heads; /* number of heads */ int tracks; /* tracks/disk */ int media; /* media descriptor byte */ int cluster; /* default cluster size */ }; Type floppytype[] = { { "3½HD", 512, 18, 2, 80, 0xf0, 1, }, { "3½DD", 512, 9, 2, 80, 0xf9, 2, }, { "5¼HD", 512, 15, 2, 80, 0xf9, 1, }, { "5¼DD", 512, 9, 2, 40, 0xfd, 2, }, }; #define NTYPES (sizeof(floppytype)/sizeof(Type)) typedef struct Dosboot Dosboot; struct Dosboot{ uchar magic[3]; /* really an xx86 JMP instruction */ uchar version[8]; uchar sectsize[2]; uchar clustsize; uchar nresrv[2]; uchar nfats; uchar rootsize[2]; uchar volsize[2]; uchar mediadesc; uchar fatsize[2]; uchar trksize[2]; uchar nheads[2]; uchar nhidden[4]; uchar bigvolsize[4]; uchar driveno; uchar reserved0; uchar bootsig; uchar volid[4]; uchar label[11]; uchar type[8]; }; #define PUTSHORT(p, v) { (p)[1] = (v)>>8; (p)[0] = (v); } #define PUTLONG(p, v) { PUTSHORT((p), (v)); PUTSHORT((p)+2, (v)>>16); } typedef struct Dosdir Dosdir; struct Dosdir { uchar name[8]; uchar ext[3]; uchar attr; uchar reserved[10]; uchar time[2]; uchar date[2]; uchar start[2]; uchar length[4]; }; #define DRONLY 0x01 #define DHIDDEN 0x02 #define DSYSTEM 0x04 #define DVLABEL 0x08 #define DDIR 0x10 #define DARCH 0x20 /* * the boot program for the boot sector. */ uchar bootprog[512]; uchar bootprog1[16] = { 0xEB, 0x3C, 0x90, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }; uchar bootprog2[128] = { 0xFA, 0xFC, 0x8C, 0xC8, 0x8E, 0xD8, 0x8E, 0xD0, 0xBC, 0x00, 0x7C, 0xBE, 0x77, 0x7C, 0xE8, 0x19, 0x00, 0x33, 0xC0, 0xCD, 0x16, 0xBB, 0x40, 0x00, 0x8E, 0xC3, 0xBB, 0x72, 0x00, 0xB8, 0x34, 0x12, 0x26, 0x89, 0x07, 0xEA, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xEB, 0xD6, 0xAC, 0x0A, 0xC0, 0x74, 0x09, 0xB4, 0x0E, 0xBB, 0x07, 0x00, 0xCD, 0x10, 0xEB, 0xF2, 0xC3, 'N', 'o', 't', ' ', 'a', ' ', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't', 'a', 'b', 'l', 'e', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'c', ' ', 'o', 'r', ' ', 'd', 'i', 's', 'c', ' ', 'e', 'r', 'r', 'o', 'r', '\r', '\n', 'P', 'r', 'e', 's', 's', ' ', 'a', 'l', 'm', 'o', 's', 't', ' ', 'a', 'n', 'y', ' ', 'k', 'e', 'y', ' ', 't', 'o', ' ', 'r', 'e', 'b', 'o', 'o', 't', '.', '.', '.', 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, }; uchar bootprog3[16] = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x55, 0xAA, }; static void mkbootprog(void) { int i; for (i = 0; i < 512; i++) bootprog[i] = 0; for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) bootprog[i+0x000] = bootprog1[i]; for (i = 0; i < 128; i++) bootprog[i+0x03E] = bootprog2[i]; for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) bootprog[i+0x1F0] = bootprog3[i]; } char *dev; int clustersize; uchar *fat; /* the fat */ int fatbits; int fatsecs; int fatlast; /* last cluster allocated */ int clusters; int fatsecs; int volsecs; uchar *root; /* first block of root */ int rootsecs; int rootfiles; int rootnext; Type *t; int fflag; char file[64]; /* output file name */ char *bootfile; char *type; enum { Sof = 1, /* start of file */ Eof = 2, /* end of file */ }; void dosfs(int, char*, int, char*[]); ulong clustalloc(int); void addrname(uchar*, Dir*, ulong, char *); int initfflag(void); Tm *getlocaltime(void); int openfloppy(char *); void usage(void) { fprint(2, "usage: format [-b bfile] [-c csize] [-df] [-l label] [-t type] file [args ...]\n"); exits("usage"); } void fatal(char *fmt, ...) { char err[128]; va_list arg; va_start(arg, fmt); vseprint(err, err+sizeof(err), fmt, arg); va_end(arg); fprint(2, "format: %s\n", err); if(fflag && file[0]) remove(file); exits(err); } void main(int argc, char **argv) { int n, dos; int cfd; char buf[512]; char label[11]; char *a; fflag = initfflag(); mkbootprog(); dos = 0; type = 0; clustersize = 0; memmove(label, "CYLINDRICAL", sizeof(label)); ARGBEGIN { case 'b': bootfile = ARGF(); break; case 'd': dos = 1; break; case 'c': clustersize = atoi(ARGF()); break; case 'f': fflag = 1; break; case 'l': a = ARGF(); n = strlen(a); if(n > sizeof(label)) n = sizeof(label); memmove(label, a, n); while(n < sizeof(label)) label[n++] = ' '; break; case 't': type = ARGF(); break; default: usage(); } ARGEND if(argc < 1) usage(); dev = argv[0]; cfd = -1; if(fflag == 0){ n = strlen(argv[0]); if(n > 4 && strcmp(argv[0]+n-4, "disk") == 0) *(argv[0]+n-4) = 0; else if(n > 3 && strcmp(argv[0]+n-3, "ctl") == 0) *(argv[0]+n-3) = 0; sprint(buf, "%sctl", dev); cfd = open(buf, ORDWR); if(cfd < 0) fatal("opening %s: %r", buf); print("Formatting floppy %s\n", dev); if(type) sprint(buf, "format %s", type); else strcpy(buf, "format"); if(write(cfd, buf, strlen(buf)) < 0) fatal("formatting tracks: %r"); } if(dos) dosfs(cfd, label, argc-1, argv+1); if(cfd >= 0) close(cfd); exits(0); } void dosfs(int cfd, char *label, int argc, char *argv[]) { char r[16]; Dosboot *b; uchar *buf; Dir *d; int n, fd, sysfd; ulong length, x; uchar *p; print("Initialising MS-DOS file system\n"); if(fflag){ sprint(file, "%s", dev); if ((fd = openfloppy(dev)) < 0) fatal("create %s: %r", file); t = floppytype; if(type){ for(t = floppytype; t < &floppytype[NTYPES]; t++) if(strcmp(type, t->name) == 0) break; if(t == &floppytype[NTYPES]) fatal("unknown floppy type %s", type); } length = t->bytes*t->sectors*t->heads*t->tracks; } else{ sprint(file, "%sdisk", dev); fd = open(file, ORDWR); if(fd < 0) fatal("open %s: %r", file); d = dirfstat(fd); if(d == nil) fatal("stat %s: %r", file); length = d->length; free(d); t = 0; seek(cfd, 0, 0); n = read(cfd, file, sizeof(file)-1); if(n < 0) fatal("reading floppy type"); else { file[n] = 0; for(t = floppytype; t < &floppytype[NTYPES]; t++) if(strcmp(file, t->name) == 0) break; if(t == &floppytype[NTYPES]) fatal("unknown floppy type %s", file); } } print("floppy type %s, %d tracks, %d heads, %d sectors/track, %d bytes/sec\n", t->name, t->tracks, t->heads, t->sectors, t->bytes); if(clustersize == 0) clustersize = t->cluster; clusters = length/(t->bytes*clustersize); if(clusters < 4087) fatbits = 12; else fatbits = 16; volsecs = length/t->bytes; fatsecs = (fatbits*clusters + 8*t->bytes - 1)/(8*t->bytes); rootsecs = volsecs/200; rootfiles = rootsecs * (t->bytes/sizeof(Dosdir)); buf = malloc(t->bytes); if(buf == 0) fatal("out of memory"); /* * write bootstrap & parameter block */ if(bootfile){ if((sysfd = open(bootfile, OREAD)) < 0) fatal("open %s: %r", bootfile); if(read(sysfd, buf, t->bytes) < 0) fatal("read %s: %r", bootfile); close(sysfd); } else memmove(buf, bootprog, sizeof(bootprog)); b = (Dosboot*)buf; b->magic[0] = 0xEB; b->magic[1] = 0x3C; b->magic[2] = 0x90; memmove(b->version, "Plan9.00", sizeof(b->version)); PUTSHORT(b->sectsize, t->bytes); b->clustsize = clustersize; PUTSHORT(b->nresrv, 1); b->nfats = 2; PUTSHORT(b->rootsize, rootfiles); if(volsecs < (1<<16)){ PUTSHORT(b->volsize, volsecs); } PUTLONG(b->bigvolsize, volsecs); b->mediadesc = t->media; PUTSHORT(b->fatsize, fatsecs); PUTSHORT(b->trksize, t->sectors); PUTSHORT(b->nheads, t->heads); PUTLONG(b->nhidden, 0); b->driveno = 0; b->bootsig = 0x29; x = time(0); PUTLONG(b->volid, x); memmove(b->label, label, sizeof(b->label)); sprint(r, "FAT%d ", fatbits); memmove(b->type, r, sizeof(b->type)); buf[t->bytes-2] = 0x55; buf[t->bytes-1] = 0xAA; if(seek(fd, 0, 0) < 0) fatal("seek to boot sector: %r\n"); if(write(fd, buf, t->bytes) != t->bytes) fatal("writing boot sector: %r"); free(buf); /* * allocate an in memory fat */ fat = malloc(fatsecs*t->bytes); if(fat == 0) fatal("out of memory"); memset(fat, 0, fatsecs*t->bytes); fat[0] = t->media; fat[1] = 0xff; fat[2] = 0xff; if(fatbits == 16) fat[3] = 0xff; fatlast = 1; if (seek(fd, 2*fatsecs*t->bytes, 1) < 0) fatal("seek to 2 fats: %r"); /* 2 fats */ /* * allocate an in memory root */ root = malloc(rootsecs*t->bytes); if(root == 0) fatal("out of memory"); memset(root, 0, rootsecs*t->bytes); if (seek(fd, rootsecs*t->bytes, 1) < 0) fatal("seek to root: %r"); /* rootsecs */ /* * Now positioned at the Files Area. * If we have any arguments, process * them and write out. */ for(p = root; argc > 0; argc--, argv++, p += sizeof(Dosdir)){ if(p >= (root+(rootsecs*t->bytes))) fatal("too many files in root"); /* * Open the file and get its length. */ if((sysfd = open(*argv, OREAD)) < 0) fatal("open %s: %r", *argv); d = dirfstat(sysfd); if(d == nil) fatal("stat %s: %r", *argv); print("Adding file %s, length %lld\n", *argv, d->length); length = d->length; if(length){ /* * Allocate a buffer to read the entire file into. * This must be rounded up to a cluster boundary. * * Read the file and write it out to the Files Area. */ length += t->bytes*clustersize - 1; length /= t->bytes*clustersize; length *= t->bytes*clustersize; if((buf = malloc(length)) == 0) fatal("out of memory"); if(read(sysfd, buf, d->length) < 0) fatal("read %s: %r", *argv); memset(buf+d->length, 0, length-d->length); /* if(write(fd, buf, length) < 0) */ if (write(fd, buf, length) != length) fatal("write %s: %r", *argv); free(buf); close(sysfd); /* * Allocate the FAT clusters. * We're assuming here that where we * wrote the file is in sync with * the cluster allocation. * Save the starting cluster. */ length /= t->bytes*clustersize; x = clustalloc(Sof); for(n = 0; n < length-1; n++) clustalloc(0); clustalloc(Eof); } else x = 0; /* * Add the filename to the root. */ addrname(p, d, x, *argv); free(d); } /* * write the fats and root */ if (seek(fd, t->bytes, 0) < 0) fatal("seek to fat1: %r"); /* if(write(fd, fat, fatsecs*t->bytes) < 0) */ if (write(fd, fat, fatsecs*t->bytes) != fatsecs*t->bytes) fatal("writing fat #1: %r"); /* if(write(fd, fat, fatsecs*t->bytes) < 0) */ if (write(fd, fat, fatsecs*t->bytes) != fatsecs*t->bytes) fatal("writing fat #2: %r"); /* if(write(fd, root, rootsecs*t->bytes) < 0) */ if (write(fd, root, rootsecs*t->bytes) != rootsecs*t->bytes) fatal("writing root: %r"); if(fflag){ if (seek(fd, t->bytes*t->sectors*t->heads*t->tracks-1, 0) < 0) /* fatal("seek to 9: %r") */ {} if (write(fd, "9", 1) != 1) /* fatal("writing 9: %r") */ {} } } /* * allocate a cluster */ ulong clustalloc(int flag) { ulong o, x; if(flag != Sof){ x = (flag == Eof) ? 0xffff : (fatlast+1); if(fatbits == 12){ x &= 0xfff; o = (3*fatlast)/2; if(fatlast & 1){ fat[o] = (fat[o]&0x0f) | (x<<4); fat[o+1] = (x>>4); } else { fat[o] = x; fat[o+1] = (fat[o+1]&0xf0) | ((x>>8) & 0x0F); } } else { o = 2*fatlast; fat[o] = x; fat[o+1] = x>>8; } } if(flag == Eof) return 0; else return ++fatlast; } void putname(char *p, Dosdir *d) { int i; char *q; q = strrchr(p, '/'); if (q) p = q+1; q = strrchr(p, '\\'); if (q) p = q+1; memset(d->name, ' ', sizeof d->name+sizeof d->ext); for(i = 0; i< sizeof(d->name); i++){ if(*p == 0 || *p == '.') break; d->name[i] = toupper(*p++); } p = strrchr(p, '.'); if(p){ for(i = 0; i < sizeof d->ext; i++){ if(*++p == 0) break; d->ext[i] = toupper(*p); } } } void puttime(Dosdir *d) { Tm *t = getlocaltime(); ushort x; x = (t->hour<<11) | (t->min<<5) | (t->sec>>1); d->time[0] = x; d->time[1] = x>>8; x = ((t->year-80)<<9) | ((t->mon+1)<<5) | t->mday; d->date[0] = x; d->date[1] = x>>8; } void addrname(uchar *entry, Dir *dir, ulong start, char *nm) { Dosdir *d; d = (Dosdir*)entry; /* putname(dir->name, d); */ putname(nm, d); d->attr = DRONLY; puttime(d); d->start[0] = start; d->start[1] = start>>8; d->length[0] = dir->length; d->length[1] = dir->length>>8; d->length[2] = dir->length>>16; d->length[3] = dir->length>>24; }