ref: 3efb5bbb4061056e523858b134c555949591efe2
dir: /man/1/chmod/
.TH CHMOD 1 .SH NAME chmod \- change file mode (permissions) .SH SYNOPSIS .B chmod .I mode .I file ... .SH DESCRIPTION .I Chmod changes the mode (permissions) of each .I file according to .IR mode , which may be an octal number or a symbolic change to the existing mode. .PP A .I mode can be numerically formed as the .SM OR of the following octal values (a leading .B 8r is ignored): .TF 0000 .TP 0400 read by owner .TP 0200 write by owner .TP 0100 execute (search in directory) by owner .TP 0070 read, write, execute (search) by group .TP 0007 read, write, execute (search) by others .PD .PP A symbolic .I mode has the form: .IP .RI [ who ] .I op permission .PP The .I who part is a combination of the letters .B u (for user's permissions), .B g (group) and .B o (other). The letter .B a stands for .BR ugo . If .I who is omitted, the default is .BR a . .PP The .I op field can be: .B + to add .I permission to the file's mode, .B - to take away .IR permission , .B = to assign .I permission absolutely (all other bits being reset). .PP The .I permission field is any combination of the letters .B r (read), .B w (write), .B x (execute), .B a (append only), .B l (exclusive access), and .B t (temporary, not archived). .SH SOURCE .B /appl/cmd/chmod.b .PP .SH "SEE ALSO" .IR chgrp (1), .IR ls (1), .IR sys-stat (2) .SH BUGS The interpretation of the modes is limited on some host operating systems, particularly variants of Windows.