ref: 600bbfe4aaa9ad0f73d8d73eef1b7670e5f7d3a3
dir: /utils/awk/FIXES/
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This file lists all bug fixes, changes, etc., made since the AWK book
was sent to the printers in August, 1987.
Nov 15, 2000:
fixed a bug introduced in august 1997 that caused expressions
like $f[1] to be syntax errors. thanks to arnold robbins for
noticing this and providing a fix.
Oct 30, 2000:
fixed some nextfile bugs: not handling all cases. thanks to
arnold robbins for pointing this out. new regressions added.
close() is now a function. it returns whatever the library
fclose returns, and -1 for closing a file or pipe that wasn't
opened.
Sep 24, 2000:
permit \n explicitly in character classes; won't work right
if comes in as "[\n]" but ok as /[\n]/, because of multiple
processing of \'s. thanks to arnold robbins.
July 5, 2000:
minor fiddles in tran.c to keep compilers happy about uschar.
thanks to norman wilson.
May 25, 2000:
yet another attempt at making 8-bit input work, with another
band-aid in b.c (member()), and some (uschar) casts to head
off potential errors in subscripts (like isdigit). also
changed HAT to NCHARS-2. thanks again to santiago vila.
changed maketab.c to ignore apparently out of range definitions
instead of halting; new freeBSD generates one. thanks to
jon snader <jsnader@ix.netcom.com> for pointing out the problem.
May 2, 2000:
fixed an 8-bit problem in b.c by making several char*'s into
unsigned char*'s. not clear i have them all yet. thanks to
Santiago Vila <sanvila@unex.es> for the bug report.
Apr 21, 2000:
finally found and fixed a memory leak in function call; it's
been there since functions were added ~1983. thanks to
jon bentley for the test case that found it.
added test in envinit to catch environment "variables" with
names begining with '='; thanks to Berend Hasselman.
Jul 28, 1999:
added test in defn() to catch function foo(foo), which
otherwise recurses until core dump. thanks to arnold
robbins for noticing this.
Jun 20, 1999:
added *bp in gettok in lex.c; appears possible to exit function
without terminating the string. thanks to russ cox.
Jun 2, 1999:
added function stdinit() to run to initialize files[] array,
in case stdin, etc., are not constants; some compilers care.
May 10, 1999:
replaced the ERROR ... FATAL, etc., macros with functions
based on vprintf, to avoid problems caused by overrunning
fixed-size errbuf array. thanks to ralph corderoy for the
impetus, and for pointing out a string termination bug in
qstring as well.
Apr 21, 1999:
fixed bug that caused occasional core dumps with commandline
variable with value ending in \. (thanks to nelson beebe for
the test case.)
Apr 16, 1999:
with code kindly provided by Bruce Lilly, awk now parses
/=/ and similar constructs more sensibly in more places.
Bruce also provided some helpful test cases.
Apr 5, 1999:
changed true/false to True/False in run.c to make it
easier to compile with C++. Added some casts on malloc
and realloc to be honest about casts; ditto. changed
ltype int to long in struct rrow to reduce some 64-bit
complaints; other changes scattered throughout for the
same purpose. thanks to Nelson Beebe for these portability
improvements.
removed some horrible pointer-int casting in b.c and elsewhere
by adding ptoi and itonp to localize the casts, which are
all benign. fixed one incipient bug that showed up on sgi
in 64-bit mode.
reset lineno for new source file; include filename in error
message. also fixed line number error in continuation lines.
(thanks to Nelson Beebe for both of these.)
Mar 24, 1999:
Nelson Beebe notes that irix 5.3 yacc dies with a bogus
error; use a newer version or switch to bison, since sgi
is unlikely to fix it.
Mar 5, 1999:
changed isnumber to is_number to avoid the problem caused by
versions of ctype.h that include the name isnumber.
distribution now includes a script for building on a Mac,
thanks to Dan Allen.
Feb 20, 1999:
fixed memory leaks in run.c (call) and tran.c (setfval).
thanks to Stephen Nutt for finding these and providing the fixes.
Jan 13, 1999:
replaced srand argument by (unsigned int) in run.c;
avoids problem on Mac and potentially on Unix & Windows.
thanks to Dan Allen.
added a few (int) casts to silence useless compiler warnings.
e.g., errorflag= in run.c jump().
added proctab.c to the bundle outout; one less thing
to have to compile out of the box.
added calls to _popen and _pclose to the win95 stub for
pipes (thanks to Steve Adams for this helpful suggestion).
seems to work, though properties are not well understood
by me, and it appears that under some circumstances the
pipe output is truncated. Be careful.
Oct 19, 1998:
fixed a couple of bugs in getrec: could fail to update $0
after a getline var; because inputFS wasn't initialized,
could split $0 on every character, a misleading diversion.
fixed caching bug in makedfa: LRU was actually removing
least often used.
thanks to ross ridge for finding these, and for providing
great bug reports.
May 12, 1998:
fixed potential bug in readrec: might fail to update record
pointer after growing. thanks to dan levy for spotting this
and suggesting the fix.
Mar 12, 1998:
added -V to print version number and die.
Feb 11, 1998:
subtle silent bug in lex.c: if the program ended with a number
longer than 1 digit, part of the input would be pushed back and
parsed again because token buffer wasn't terminated right.
example: awk 'length($0) > 10'. blush. at least i found it
myself.
Aug 31, 1997:
s/adelete/awkdelete/: SGI uses this in malloc.h.
thanks to nelson beebe for pointing this one out.
Aug 21, 1997:
fixed some bugs in sub and gsub when replacement includes \\.
this is a dark, horrible corner, but at least now i believe that
the behavior is the same as gawk and the intended posix standard.
thanks to arnold robbins for advice here.
Aug 9, 1997:
somewhat regretfully, replaced the ancient lex-based lexical
analyzer with one written in C. it's longer, generates less code,
and more portable; the old one depended too much on mysterious
properties of lex that were not preserved in other environments.
in theory these recognize the same language.
now using strtod to test whether a string is a number, instead of
the convoluted original function. should be more portable and
reliable if strtod is implemented right.
removed now-pointless optimization in makefile that tries to avoid
recompilation when awkgram.y is changed but symbols are not.
removed most fixed-size arrays, though a handful remain, some
of which are unchecked. you have been warned.
Aug 4, 1997:
with some trepidation, replaced the ancient code that managed
fields and $0 in fixed-size arrays with arrays that grow on
demand. there is still some tension between trying to make this
run fast and making it clean; not sure it's right yet.
the ill-conceived -mr and -mf arguments are now useful only
for debugging. previous dynamic string code removed.
numerous other minor cleanups along the way.
Jul 30, 1997:
using code provided by dan levy (to whom profuse thanks), replaced
fixed-size arrays and awkward kludges by a fairly uniform mechanism
to grow arrays as needed for printf, sub, gsub, etc.
Jul 23, 1997:
falling off the end of a function returns "" and 0, not 0.
thanks to arnold robbins.
Jun 17, 1997:
replaced several fixed-size arrays by dynamically-created ones
in run.c; added overflow tests to some previously unchecked cases.
getline, toupper, tolower.
getline code is still broken in that recursive calls may wind
up using the same space. [fixed later]
increased RECSIZE to 8192 to push problems further over the horizon.
added \r to \n as input line separator for programs, not data.
damn CRLFs.
modified format() to permit explicit printf("%c", 0) to include
a null byte in output. thanks to ken stailey for the fix.
added a "-safe" argument that disables file output (print >,
print >>), process creation (cmd|getline, print |, system), and
access to the environment (ENVIRON). this is a first approximation
to a "safe" version of awk, but don't rely on it too much. thanks
to joan feigenbaum and matt blaze for the inspiration long ago.
Jul 8, 1996:
fixed long-standing bug in sub, gsub(/a/, "\\\\&"); thanks to
ralph corderoy.
Jun 29, 1996:
fixed awful bug in new field splitting; didn't get all the places
where input was done.
Jun 28, 1996:
changed field-splitting to conform to posix definition: fields are
split using the value of FS at the time of input; it used to be
the value when the field or NF was first referred to, a much less
predictable definition. thanks to arnold robbins for encouragement
to do the right thing.
May 28, 1996:
fixed appalling but apparently unimportant bug in parsing octal
numbers in reg exprs.
explicit hex in reg exprs now limited to 2 chars: \xa, \xaa.
May 27, 1996:
cleaned up some declarations so gcc -Wall is now almost silent.
makefile now includes backup copies of ytab.c and lexyy.c in case
one makes before looking; it also avoids recreating lexyy.c unless
really needed.
s/aprintf/awkprint, s/asprintf/awksprintf/ to avoid some name clashes
with unwisely-written header files.
thanks to jeffrey friedl for several of these.
May 26, 1996:
an attempt to rationalize the (unsigned) char issue. almost all
instances of unsigned char have been removed; the handful of places
in b.c where chars are used as table indices have been hand-crafted.
added some latin-1 tests to the regression, but i'm not confident;
none of my compilers seem to care much. thanks to nelson beebe for
pointing out some others that do care.
May 2, 1996:
removed all register declarations.
enhanced split(), as in gawk, etc: split(s, a, "") splits s into
a[1]...a[length(s)] with each character a single element.
made the same changes for field-splitting if FS is "".
added nextfile, as in gawk: causes immediate advance to next
input file. (thanks to arnold robbins for inspiration and code).
small fixes to regexpr code: can now handle []], [[], and
variants; [] is now a syntax error, rather than matching
everything; [z-a] is now empty, not z. far from complete
or correct, however. (thanks to jeffrey friedl for pointing out
some awful behaviors.)
Apr 29, 1996:
replaced uchar by uschar everwhere; apparently some compilers
usurp this name and this causes conflicts.
fixed call to time in run.c (bltin); arg is time_t *.
replaced horrible pointer/long punning in b.c by a legitimate
union. should be safer on 64-bit machines and cleaner everywhere.
(thanks to nelson beebe for pointing out some of these problems.)
replaced nested comments by #if 0...#endif in run.c, lib.c.
removed getsval, setsval, execute macros from run.c and lib.c.
machines are 100x faster than they were when these macros were
first used.
revised filenames: awk.g.y => awkgram.y, awk.lx.l => awklex.l,
y.tab.[ch] => ytab.[ch], lex.yy.c => lexyy.c, all in the aid of
portability to nameless systems.
"make bundle" now includes yacc and lex output files for recipients
who don't have yacc or lex.
Aug 15, 1995:
initialized Cells in setsymtab more carefully; some fields
were not set. (thanks to purify, all of whose complaints i
think i now understand.)
fixed at least one error in gsub that looked at -1-th element
of an array when substituting for a null match (e.g., $).
delete arrayname is now legal; it clears the elements but leaves
the array, which may not be the right behavior.
modified makefile: my current make can't cope with the test used
to avoid unnecessary yacc invocations.
Jul 17, 1995:
added dynamically growing strings to awk.lx.l and b.c
to permit regular expressions to be much bigger.
the state arrays can still overflow.
Aug 24, 1994:
detect duplicate arguments in function definitions (mdm).
May 11, 1994:
trivial fix to printf to limit string size in sub().
Apr 22, 1994:
fixed yet another subtle self-assignment problem:
$1 = $2; $1 = $1 clobbered $1.
Regression tests now use private echo, to avoid quoting problems.
Feb 2, 1994:
changed error() to print line number as %d, not %g.
Jul 23, 1993:
cosmetic changes: increased sizes of some arrays,
reworded some error messages.
added CONVFMT as in posix (just replaced OFMT in getsval)
FILENAME is now "" until the first thing that causes a file
to be opened.
Nov 28, 1992:
deleted yyunput and yyoutput from proto.h;
different versions of lex give these different declarations.
May 31, 1992:
added -mr N and -mf N options: more record and fields.
these really ought to adjust automatically.
cleaned up some error messages; "out of space" now means
malloc returned NULL in all cases.
changed rehash so that if it runs out, it just returns;
things will continue to run slow, but maybe a bit longer.
Apr 24, 1992:
remove redundant close of stdin when using -f -.
got rid of core dump with -d; awk -d just prints date.
Apr 12, 1992:
added explicit check for /dev/std(in,out,err) in redirection.
unlike gawk, no /dev/fd/n yet.
added (file/pipe) builtin. hard to test satisfactorily.
not posix.
Feb 20, 1992:
recompile after abortive changes; should be unchanged.
Dec 2, 1991:
die-casting time: converted to ansi C, installed that.
Nov 30, 1991:
fixed storage leak in freefa, failing to recover [N]CCL.
thanks to Bill Jones (jones@cs.usask.ca)
Nov 19, 1991:
use RAND_MAX instead of literal in builtin().
Nov 12, 1991:
cranked up some fixed-size arrays in b.c, and added a test for
overflow in penter. thanks to mark larsen.
Sep 24, 1991:
increased buffer in gsub. a very crude fix to a general problem.
and again on Sep 26.
Aug 18, 1991:
enforce variable name syntax for commandline variables: has to
start with letter or _.
Jul 27, 1991:
allow newline after ; in for statements.
Jul 21, 1991:
fixed so that in self-assignment like $1=$1, side effects
like recomputing $0 take place. (this is getting subtle.)
Jun 30, 1991:
better test for detecting too-long output record.
Jun 2, 1991:
better defense against very long printf strings.
made break and continue illegal outside of loops.
May 13, 1991:
removed extra arg on gettemp, tempfree. minor error message rewording.
May 6, 1991:
fixed silly bug in hex parsing in hexstr().
removed an apparently unnecessary test in isnumber().
warn about weird printf conversions.
fixed unchecked array overwrite in relex().
changed for (i in array) to access elements in sorted order.
then unchanged it -- it really does run slower in too many cases.
left the code in place, commented out.
Feb 10, 1991:
check error status on all writes, to avoid banging on full disks.
Jan 28, 1991:
awk -f - reads the program from stdin.
Jan 11, 1991:
failed to set numeric state on $0 in cmd|getline context in run.c.
Nov 2, 1990:
fixed sleazy test for integrality in getsval; use modf.
Oct 29, 1990:
fixed sleazy buggy code in lib.c that looked (incorrectly) for
too long input lines.
Oct 14, 1990:
fixed the bug on p. 198 in which it couldn't deduce that an
argument was an array in some contexts. replaced the error
message in intest() by code that damn well makes it an array.
Oct 8, 1990:
fixed horrible bug: types and values were not preserved in
some kinds of self-assignment. (in assign().)
Aug 24, 1990:
changed NCHARS to 256 to handle 8-bit characters in strings
presented to match(), etc.
Jun 26, 1990:
changed struct rrow (awk.h) to use long instead of int for lval,
since cfoll() stores a pointer in it. now works better when int's
are smaller than pointers!
May 6, 1990:
AVA fixed the grammar so that ! is uniformly of the same precedence as
unary + and -. This renders illegal some constructs like !x=y, which
now has to be parenthesized as !(x=y), and makes others work properly:
!x+y is (!x)+y, and x!y is x !y, not two pattern-action statements.
(These problems were pointed out by Bob Lenk of Posix.)
Added \x to regular expressions (already in strings).
Limited octal to octal digits; \8 and \9 are not octal.
Centralized the code for parsing escapes in regular expressions.
Added a bunch of tests to T.re and T.sub to verify some of this.
Feb 9, 1990:
fixed null pointer dereference bug in main.c: -F[nothing]. sigh.
restored srand behavior: it returns the current seed.
Jan 18, 1990:
srand now returns previous seed value (0 to start).
Jan 5, 1990:
fix potential problem in tran.c -- something was freed,
then used in freesymtab.
Oct 18, 1989:
another try to get the max number of open files set with
relatively machine-independent code.
small fix to input() in case of multiple reads after EOF.
Oct 11, 1989:
FILENAME is now defined in the BEGIN block -- too many old
programs broke.
"-" means stdin in getline as well as on the commandline.
added a bunch of casts to the code to tell the truth about
char * vs. unsigned char *, a right royal pain. added a
setlocale call to the front of main, though probably no one
has it usefully implemented yet.
Aug 24, 1989:
removed redundant relational tests against nullnode if parse
tree already had a relational at that point.
Aug 11, 1989:
fixed bug: commandline variable assignment has to look like
var=something. (consider the man page for =, in file =.1)
changed number of arguments to functions to static arrays
to avoid repeated malloc calls.
Aug 2, 1989:
restored -F (space) separator
Jul 30, 1989:
added -v x=1 y=2 ... for immediate commandline variable assignment;
done before the BEGIN block for sure. they have to precede the
program if the program is on the commandline.
Modified Aug 2 to require a separate -v for each assignment.
Jul 10, 1989:
fixed ref-thru-zero bug in environment code in tran.c
Jun 23, 1989:
add newline to usage message.
Jun 14, 1989:
added some missing ansi printf conversion letters: %i %X %E %G.
no sensible meaning for h or L, so they may not do what one expects.
made %* conversions work.
changed x^y so that if n is a positive integer, it's done
by explicit multiplication, thus achieving maximum accuracy.
(this should be done by pow() but it seems not to be locally.)
done to x ^= y as well.
Jun 4, 1989:
ENVIRON array contains environment: if shell variable V=thing,
ENVIRON["V"] is "thing"
multiple -f arguments permitted. error reporting is naive.
(they were permitted before, but only the last was used.)
fixed a really stupid botch in the debugging macro dprintf
fixed order of evaluation of commandline assignments to match
what the book claims: an argument of the form x=e is evaluated
at the time it would have been opened if it were a filename (p 63).
this invalidates the suggested answer to ex 4-1 (p 195).
removed some code that permitted -F (space) fieldseparator,
since it didn't quite work right anyway. (restored aug 2)
Apr 27, 1989:
Line number now accumulated correctly for comment lines.
Apr 26, 1989:
Debugging output now includes a version date,
if one compiles it into the source each time.
Apr 9, 1989:
Changed grammar to prohibit constants as 3rd arg of sub and gsub;
prevents class of overwriting-a-constant errors. (Last one?)
This invalidates the "banana" example on page 43 of the book.
Added \a ("alert"), \v (vertical tab), \xhhh (hexadecimal),
as in ANSI, for strings. Rescinded the sloppiness that permitted
non-octal digits in \ooo. Warning: not all compilers and libraries
will be able to deal with \x correctly.
Jan 9, 1989:
Fixed bug that caused tempcell list to contain a duplicate.
The fix is kludgy.
Dec 17, 1988:
Catches some more commandline errors in main.
Removed redundant decl of modf in run.c (confuses some compilers).
Warning: there's no single declaration of malloc, etc., in awk.h
that seems to satisfy all compilers.
Dec 7, 1988:
Added a bit of code to error printing to avoid printing nulls.
(Not clear that it actually would.)
Nov 27, 1988:
With fear and trembling, modified the grammar to permit
multiple pattern-action statements on one line without
an explicit separator. By definition, this capitulation
to the ghost of ancient implementations remains undefined
and thus subject to change without notice or apology.
DO NOT COUNT ON IT.
Oct 30, 1988:
Fixed bug in call() that failed to recover storage.
A warning is now generated if there are more arguments
in the call than in the definition (in lieu of fixing
another storage leak).
Oct 20, 1988:
Fixed %c: if expr is numeric, use numeric value;
otherwise print 1st char of string value. still
doesn't work if the value is 0 -- won't print \0.
Added a few more checks for running out of malloc.
Oct 12, 1988:
Fixed bug in call() that freed local arrays twice.
Fixed to handle deletion of non-existent array right;
complains about attempt to delete non-array element.
Sep 30, 1988:
Now guarantees to evaluate all arguments of built-in
functions, as in C; the appearance is that arguments
are evaluated before the function is called. Places
affected are sub (gsub was ok), substr, printf, and
all the built-in arithmetic functions in bltin().
A warning is generated if a bltin() is called with
the wrong number of arguments.
This requires changing makeprof on p167 of the book.
Aug 23, 1988:
setting FILENAME in BEGIN caused core dump, apparently
because it was freeing space not allocated by malloc.
July 24, 1988:
fixed egregious error in toupper/tolower functions.
still subject to rescinding, however.
July 2, 1988:
flush stdout before opening file or pipe
July 2, 1988:
performance bug in b.c/cgoto(): not freeing some sets of states.
partial fix only right now, and the number of states increased
to make it less obvious.
June 1, 1988:
check error status on close
May 28, 1988:
srand returns seed value it's using.
see 1/18/90
May 22, 1988:
Removed limit on depth of function calls.
May 10, 1988:
Fixed lib.c to permit _ in commandline variable names.
Mar 25, 1988:
main.c fixed to recognize -- as terminator of command-
line options. Illegal options flagged.
Error reporting slightly cleaned up.
Dec 2, 1987:
Newer C compilers apply a strict scope rule to extern
declarations within functions. Two extern declarations in
lib.c and tran.c have been moved to obviate this problem.
Oct xx, 1987:
Reluctantly added toupper and tolower functions.
Subject to rescinding without notice.
Sep 17, 1987:
Error-message printer had printf(s) instead of
printf("%s",s); got core dumps when the message
included a %.
Sep 12, 1987:
Very long printf strings caused core dump;
fixed aprintf, asprintf, format to catch them.
Can still get a core dump in printf itself.